Political strategies for Artificial Intelligence
What steps are politicians taking in the face of the disruptive changes heralded by Artificial Intelligence? An overview of the AI strategies of selected countries.
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Cornerstones of political AI strategies
Over the next few years, Artificial Intelligence will change business and daily life worldwide. To shape the associated political and social developments and challenges, a number of governments have produced political AI strategies in which they set out their goals and key areas of activity. The following is an overview of the main content of the strategies that selected countries are pursuing.
Germany
European Union
Australia
Belgium
Canada
China
Denmark
Finland
France
India
Japan
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Russia
Singapore
South Korea
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
USA
Germany
Political aims
Starting out from a strong position in terms of research, Germany is to become a leading country for the study, development and application of Artificial Intelligence.
- Achieve technology leadership and “AI made in Germany” as a seal of quality
- Develop and use AI responsibly
- Development of AI solutions as a contribution to the environment and climate protection
- Promote dialogue throughout society sector
- Building a European AI ecosystem that expands the competitiveness of business and research, promotes diverse AI applications in the interest of society, and is based on European values.
Areas of activity
Expanding AI research
- Developing a national network of at least twelve centres and application hubs
- Establishment of a world-leading European AI network branded as "AI - Made in Europe
- Establishing a minimum of 100 additional AI professorships and strengthening the teaching and promotion of young talent in the field of AI
- Using attractive working conditions and remuneration to draw in and retain the brightest minds
- Developing a Franco-German research and innovation network (“virtual centre”)
- Strengthening interdisciplinary research on AI
- Implementation of AI Challenges and Establishment of a German Award for "KI Made in Germany
Knowledge transfer, application and entrepreneurship
- Speeding up progress from research to concrete AI applications using test fields, living labs, model trials, regional clusters and cutting-edge forms of support
- Improving ways for companies to access AI technologies, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises via “SME 4.0 Competence Centres”
- Promoting the growth of AI start-ups by way of support programmes (e.g. EXIST) and venture capital
- Drawing up an AI map of applications and stakeholders – monitoring AI and networking companies and institutions
- Founding an agency for radical innovation with AI as a major focus
- Setting up a European AI innovation cluster and holding innovation competitions
- Public presentation of best practices (especially with the help of Plattform Lernende Systeme)
International and public dialogue
- European and transatlantic dialogue on human-centric use of AI in working environments
- Dialogue throughout society on how to shape AI ethically, legally, culturally and institutionally – Germany’s Platform for Artificial Intelligence will play a key role in this process
- Expanding an ecosystem for public good AI, including launching the Civic Innovation Platform, Civic Data Lab, and Civic Tech Labs for Green projects
Changes to the world of work
- Adopting a comprehensive and humane approach based on the autonomous development of abilities and talents, social security and workers’ health
- Forming regional competence centres for studying and organising labour
- Monitoring specialist workers and pursuing a national training strategy to boost employees’ skills, particularly in relation to digital transformation and AI
- Researching the effects of AI at the workplace in experimental operational environments and involving works councils at an early stage of introducing AI applications
- Training HR officers, staff councils and works councils (e.g. in future centres)
- Development of an AI-supported online entry portal for continuing vocational training
Data usage, data security, law and ethics
- Promote research on the control and traceability of algorithmic prediction and decision-making systems, and on consumer protection and privacy
- Making data available, e.g. through potential data partnerships between companies and research institutes and by establishing incentives and framework conditions for voluntary data sharing (including from publicly financed research projects) in compliance with data protection regulations
- Modifying competition and copyright law to increase the volume of usable data without disclosing personal data or proprietary know-how (“Competition Law 4.0 Commission”)
- Adaptation of the Labor Law and Employee Data Protection Act
- Creating a legally secure regulatory framework for AI players
European Union
Political aims
The aim of the EU is to enable scientific breakthroughs and European technological leadership in the field of Artificial Intelligence. New technologies should serve all Europeans, improving their lives while respecting their rights. The joint action to strengthen European innovation aims to
- Expansion of investments and development of the AI infrastructure
- Creation of an ethical and legal framework
- Promotion of education and research
Areas of activity
Strategic measures and coordination
- Further development of Member States' national AI strategies
- Europe should go its own way together
Public and private investment
- Boosting the EU Commission’s “Horizon 2020” research and innovation programme
- Investing in various AI technologies and applications (e.g. Big Data, robotics, mobility, health)
- Developing a platform for AI on demand that gives European users access to relevant AI resources
- Using the European Fund for Strategic Investment (EFSI) for the targeted financing of companies and start-ups
- Application of AI in the public sector (Adopt AI programme)
Education, research and skills
- Promotion of AI-relevant skills (Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence and Digital Education Action Plan)
- Retaining and attracting the best professors and scientists
- Bundling of competence centres
- Supporting changes in the labour market through specific training programmes with funding from the European Social Fund
Ethical and legal frameworks
- Establishing ethics guidelines for the development of AI (based on the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU), including close cooperation in the European AI Alliance
- Orientation towards the principles of European data protection and European product liability directives
Transfer to the market
- Networking Europe’s top AI research centres
- Construction of test facilities (e.g. for networked and autonomous driving)
- Development of platforms and large-scale pilot projects with AI elements in areas such as energy, health care, manufacturing, geoinformation and agriculture
- Promotion of the integration of AI and data analysis in lighthouse initiatives in the fields of manufacturing, mobility, personalised medicine
- Faster AI diffusion through digital innovation centres
Infrastructure
- Investments in high-performance computers, quantum computers and AI and data infrastructure
- Further development of the European Open Science Cloud
- Development of a pan-European high-performance computing infrastructure
Australia
Political goals
In terms of the Australian population’s well-being, AI is regarded as a technology with significant benefits but also an ethical risk. The political aims regarding the use of artificial intelligence are as follows:
- Boosting economic growth and the productivity of Australia’s industry
- Creating jobs and raising the standard of living
- Using AI in a considered, ethical manner to improve living conditions, reduce the number of fatal road accidents and transform society
Areas of action
Natural resources and the environment
- Increased use of agricultural robots, automated mining technology and intelligent environmental management
- Enhanced resource management combined with more efficient agriculture, forestry, mining and fisheries
Health, ageing and disability
- Cutting health expenditure and providing high-quality AI-based care for the entire population
- Applying AI-based preventive and treatment options to combat chronic illnesses and Hehmeet the challenges of an ageing society
- Using AI to support people with disabilities and assist their integration into the labour market
Cities, towns and infrastructure
- Utilising AI-based technologies to improve the safety, efficiency and quality of the public infrastructure
- Using AI to plan, design, build, operate and maintain urban infrastructure, with a particular focus on automation and sensor systems
Belgium
Political goals
- Standardising and pooling existing AI initiatives and strategies in the regions of Flanders, Walloon and Brussels
- Using AI to prevent diseases, reduce energy consumption, boost purchasing power and improve traffic management
- Investing up to 30 billion euros in general digital transformation
- Investing 30 million euros via the region of Flanders in research into AI, its implementation in businesses, and education and ethics
Areas of action
Educational concept
- Boosting awareness of evolving fields of work and requirements profiles
- Improving further vocational training opportunities for citizens and developing new training programmes
- Obliging employers to offer staff opportunities for lifelong learning, involving universities
- Focusing on programming, algorithmic thinking and soft skills in schools
Responsible data strategy
- Involving civil society in the ethical debate about Artificial Intelligence and raising politicians’ awareness
- Creating a Belgian Ethics Committee to support businesses and state institutions in ethical aspects of Artificial Intelligence
- Establishing an independent Belgian data sharing platform and making existing data platforms more transparent
Demystifying and disseminating Artificial Intelligence
- Developing a massive open online course (MOOC) to train at least one percent of the Belgian population
- Public information programme to communicate the positive aspects of AI for society
- Establishing a certified European Digital Innovation Hub throughout Belgium
- Funding for small and medium-sized enterprises to assist trials of AI
Developing, attracting and anchoring talent
- Setting up sandboxes as virtual test areas for software and positioning Belgium as a European laboratory for AI research
- Setting up bachelor’s and master’s degree courses in Artificial Intelligence
- Easing immigration requirements for highly skilled foreign AI specialists
- Developing public-private partnerships to offer practical training to students
Self-perception of state institutions
- Transforming public institutions into platforms as part of an ecosystem
- Overhauling state tendering processes to enable innovative concepts
- Appointing a Chief Digital Officer to coordinate nationwide efforts involving AI
Canada
Political aims
The following goals were highlighted when the strategy was announced as part of the budget plan for 2017:
- To establish a national AI research network
- To be opinion leader in the global debate regarding the economic, political, ethical and legal consequences of artificial intelligence
- To transfer AI research to public and private-sector applications that deliver socio-economic benefits for Canada
Areas of activity
Expanding research
- Establishing three new research centres focusing on deep learning and reinforcement learning research: Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute (AMII), Vector Institute and Mila
- Setting up new AI professorships at universities
- Supporting, attracting and retaining AI researchers
Networking and transfer
- Expanding the new research centres to become central hubs for a national research network
- Supporting meetings, collaborations and summer and winter schools
Social Discussion
- Establishing working groups to examine the economic, political and social consequences of AI
- Initiating an international and interdisciplinary network of experts on ethical and inclusive AI (in partnership with the French government)
China
Political aims
The Chinese government regards Artificial Intelligence as a key industry for the future. It is pooling strengths and using a comprehensive roadmap to pursue clear economic policy objectives.
- By 2020: To catch up with the USA in the field of Artificial Intelligence
- By 2025: To achieve bigger breakthroughs and take on a leading role in relation to specific AI applications
- By 2030: To lead the world in research, development and application of AI. For the national AI industry (target market value of 130 billion euros) to make a major contribution to added value in the country.
Areas of activity
Open and collaborative innovation system for AI
- Pooling all resources from politics, research and business to establish innovation and research centres and data pools
- Developing AI-based models, methods and software solutions for specific applications
- Focusing research on Big Data, networked and swarm intelligence, and hybrid and autonomous systems
- Supporting interdisciplinary research
Applications for a highly efficient smart economy
- Developing and distributing AI applications in key industries (e.g. medicine, smart city, agriculture, security, military and manufacturing industry)
- Forcing breakthroughs in networked mobility, service robotics, medical diagnostics, voice recognition, translation and smart home
- Integrating AI technologies into industrial applications (e.g. CNC, industrial robots)
- Supporting development environments and open source platforms
Know-how and Talent
- Establishing training centres for basic and further training
- Recruiting the best AI researchers in the world
- Providing an AI knowledge base and training courses to ensure expertise can be rapidly transferred to industrial use
Supportive Framework Conditions
- Establishing standards for AI applications
- Expanding the network infrastructure
- Developing ethical, political and regulatory guidelines for handling AI
Regulation
- Regulation on recommendation algorithms (Algorithm register as an online database)
- Rules for marking synthetically generated content (deep synthesis)
- Draft rules for dealing with generative AI: content specifications, mandatory registration with the algorithm registry
Denmark
Political goals
Denmark aims to be a pioneer in the development of responsible AI. Four goals are central to this:
- Developing an ethical and human-centered basis for AI
- Prioritizing and supporting AI research
- Setting incentives for companies to develop and use AI
- Ensuring the use of AI in the public sector for the benefit of citizens and society
Fields of action
Human capital
- Increased use of educational opportunities for digital and AI-related skills
- Generating a culture of lifelong learning and ongoing workforce training
Value creation
- Promoting digital research as well as AI research.
- Supporting the creation and growth of AI companies
- Promoting innovation through pilot projects
Regulation and legislation
- Development of an ethical framework to improve trust and safety of AI.
- Foundation: self-determination, human dignity, equality, and justice .
- Evaluate and expand the current regulatory framework to ensure responsible AI development.
Societal challenges
- Ongoing improvement of the security and trustworthiness of the digital economy
- Providing energy, resource, and smart city data for intelligent approaches to emissions and consumption reduction
Finland
Political aims
The government’s goal is to position Finland as a leading nation when it comes to AI applications. It aims to pave the way for achieving this in both business and the public sector by working openly with data.
- To strengthen the export and service-focused Finnish economy through AI-based services and business models
- To focus on four sectors: Energy, medicine, mobility, industry
- To modernise the public sector with better services for citizens
Areas of activity
Entrepreneurial ecosystems for AI applications
- Establishing accelerators close to the research sector that give companies the opportunity to test applications
- Offering open pilot and test environments for start-ups, SMEs and foreign companies
- Dismantling barriers for companies – easy access to AI applications and programming courses (e.g. MOOC at the University of Helsinki)
Legal framework for using data
- Prioritising the provision of data needed for new business models (not: data protection)
- Encouraging companies to share data pools efficiently
- Giving citizens access to personal data that has been gathered publicly
- Expanding the legal framework at European level
AI expertise as a locational factor
- Establishing an internationally renowned Centre of Excellence for AI
- Ensuring all citizens have a basic understanding of AI applications
- Incorporating AI into application-oriented study courses and into vocational training
- Positioning Finland as a location with an ideal public-sector framework for AI research and development
Public sector as an AI pioneer
- Incorporating AI into all public services
- Employing a team of top AI experts to develop applications
- Extending cooperation between the public and private sector
France
Political aims
France emphasises that Artificial Intelligence must work for the benefit of people and gives the state an important controlling function. State funding amounting to 1.5 billion euros up to 2022 has been earmarked for expanding research into AI and for its use.
- To establish an open data policy for the implementation of AI applications
- To focus on four sectors: Health, environment, mobility, security/defence
- To promote European cooperation on AI
Areas of activity
AI ecosystem for France and Europe
- Establishing a national office of coordination (under the direction of INRIA) to network French AI expertise
- Founding four to five AI groupings with partners from science and business (e.g. PRAIRIE)
- Expanding AI research and recruiting international researchers
Open data
- Providing public data for publicly supported projects
- Establishing shared data platforms for the public and private sector
- Opening the database at European level
- Stimulating the public debate on the handling of data
Legal and ethical issues
- Modifying the legal framework for the development of AI (e.g. for autonomous driving by 2022, conducting regional experiments with exemption rules beforehand)
- Dialogue about ethical issues at European and international level (primarily Canada) with the aim of creating an organisation like the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) for AI
- Transparency of algorithms
- Ethical code for programmers
India
Political goals
- Using AI-based products, services and innovations to boost the economy
- Utilising AI for social development and to improve the standard of living
- Establishing India as an international “playground” for AI research
- Focusing the application of AI on healthcare, agriculture, education, infrastructure and mobility
Areas of action
Research and application
- Creating Centres of Research Excellence for AI (COREs)
- Funding National AI Fellowships to retain outstanding graduates and acquire international students
- Attracting large international commercial enterprises to create International Centres for Transformational AI (ICTAIs) for the areas of healthcare, education, agriculture, smart mobility and smart cities
- Setting up a cloud platform for big data with an extensive AI computer infrastructure connecting all COREs and ICTAIs
Accelerating adoption of AI
- Establishing public platforms to make available data records from the social sector
- Preparing government guidelines to establish a data marketplace with the aim of encouraging collaboration and saving both time and money
- Promoting workshops, live demonstrations and an index with the best national AI projects for employers
- Forming a network for government AI research projects that can be financially rewarded for promising results
- Setting up funds to finance AI projects in collaboration with state governments
Reskilling and training
- AI training units for employees, leading to a nationally recognised qualification
- AI-related courses/modules at schools and universities
- Setting up a committee to monitor the changes triggered by AI in academic and professional circles
Responsible AI development
- Establishing an ethics council at each CORE and ICTAI
- Implementing a data protection framework to protect human rights and privacy without stifling innovation
- Collaborating with industry to define specific guidelines on privacy, security and ethics
- Assisting COREs with research into new AI technologies for safeguarding privacy more effectively
Japan
Political goals
The Japanese approach to Artificial Intelligence focuses on the potential for social development:
- Boosting social productivity and the creativity of its citizens
- Using big data to spearhead medical care and welfare technology
- Improving travel for its citizens, taking better care of the environment, and eradicating all accidents by 2030
- Creating robust economic development of Artificial Intelligence coupled with appropriate evaluation criteria and awards
Areas of action
Research and development (R&D)
- Trebling business investment in universities and R&D institutes by 2027
- Promoting skilled workers, particularly high-level industrial-scientific collaboration
- Creating a working and scientific environment that provides incentives for AI experts
- Boosting energy efficiency and reducing the spatial dimensions of supercomputers
Data management
- Capturing the information required to create an effective data environment and integrating input/output devices (e.g. sensors)
- Creating incentives for companies to provide data
- Increasing data compatibility by means of standard profiles and standardised data formats
Productivity
- Highly customising mass production by automating and optimising production systems
- Improving the service sector
- Supporting start-ups through “open innovation”
Health, medical care and welfare
- Preventing diseases and increasing life expectancy with AI-based preventive medicine
- Reducing social expenditure
- Combating the issues caused by a shrinking workforce
Mobility
- Increasing the freedom, environmental credentials and safety of travel
- Establishing AI-based sharing services for people and goods
Netherlands
Political goals
- Maintaining economic growth and prosperity
- Assisting with societal challenges such as an ageing Dutch society, climate change and food safety
- Protecting rights to privacy and non-discrimination/li>
Areas of action
The Dutch government focuses on three areas
Capitalising on economic and societal opportunities offered by AI
- Developing knowledge and innovation agendas for key AI technologies for the period 2020 - 2023
- Conducting research into legal principles relating to the use of AI
- Using AI for public tasks and for training civil servants
- Organising round tables for the public and expert meetings on AI
- Supporting start-ups focusing on AI by improving access to seed and venture capital
- Encouraging synergies between academic and business organisations
- Regional smart industry hubs that support SMEs with tools and training modules on the responsible use of AI
Creating the right conditions – research, training and data
- AI agenda published by the Dutch Research Council (NWO)
- Establishing a leading European AI knowledge centre
- Investing in a supercomputer
- Strengthening international AI cooperation
- Investing in training and development for AI applications
- Creating a National Data Science training programme
- Revising digital literacy curricula with the involvement of companies
- Active commitment to a joint European data platform
- Investing in high-performance computing
Strengthening the foundations – human rights, trust, consumer protection and security
- Encouraging the involvement of Dutch companies and organisations in the development of ethical guidelines for AI by the European Commission’s Expert Group
- Research into transparent, socially conscious and responsible AI
- Developing expertise on new technologies, and also on business models and their competition-related effects
- Research into the impact of AI on national security, and the possibilities for using AI in IT and cyber security
Norway
Fields of action
Human capital
- Promote education and training of new workforce related to AI.
- Measures to retrain the workforce
Value creation
- Increasing the attractiveness of Norwegian AI companies on a European and international level
- Focus on application and innovation potential of AI to create value in the economy
- Increase the size of the Norwegian language database as a cornerstone for successful value creation in AI language processing
Regulation
- Examine existing regulations and their impact on AI development and commercialization
- Create guidelines for transparency and reliability of AI algorithms
Infrastructure
- Promote the provision of high quality data sets
- Facilitate data sharing between the public and private sectors
Poland
Areas of action
Human Capital
- Demonstrating the need for and benefits of AI to the population
- Reforming the Polish education system to promote AI and digital literacy among students at all levels of education
- Providing AI training programs, IT courses, programming and data processing courses.
Value creation
- Establish a virtual research institute for artificial intelligence (VIR), in collaboration with companies, universities and non-governmental organizations
- Multi-faceted support for research and development and AI innovation
- Introduction of AI in the public sector to fully exploit potentials
Regulation
- Establishment of various observatories and chairs to address ethical and legal issues
- Monitor European and international AI legislation and regulation
Infrastructure
- Establish a data policy to ensure the availability of high-quality data and improve interoperability and data sharing
- Creating virtual data warehouses where companies can share their industry data in trusted and cyber-secured data spaces
Societal challenges
- Investing in AI initiatives that support the goals of the European Green Deal
- Among them: Transforming energy production, moving factories to circular production, creating greener and smarter buildings and infrastructure, and reducing emissions in transportation
- Establishing space, earth and ocean observatories for climate change
Portugal
Fields of action
Human capital
- Empowering and empowering the population in relation to the challenges posed by the
- use of AI technologies Raising the level of AI education.
- Improving the skills of the workforce and promoting AI specialization.
Value creation
- Building an AI research and business ecosystem through government investment and incentives
- Promoting AI products and services from lab to market to stimulate knowledge-intensive AI research and entrepreneurial ecosystems
Regulation
- Establish an ethics committee to set guidelines for AI and automation
- Develop a legal and regulatory framework to assess the reliability of AI decisions
- Assist companies and regulators in developing appropriate legal frameworks
Infrastructure
- Establish a national data infrastructure as a central repository for administrative data
- Provide infrastructure for experimentation and testing of AI and robotics applications
Societal challenges
- Collaborate with the Portuguese Space Agency for the use of AI in the analysis of climate, environmental and sustainability data
Russia
Political goals
- Improvement of the living standards of the Russian population
- Maintaining national security and the rule of law
- Sustainable competitiveness of the Russian economy
- International leading position in the field of Artificial Intelligence
Fields of action
Expansion of AI research
- Reorientation of science: main objective is the development of a General Artificial Intelligence (GAI); further priorities: development of algorithmic simulations of biological systems and self-learning autonomous algorithms
- Continued financial support and increased incentives for investment in AI development
- Implementation of interdisciplinary scientific projects and patent searches in various economic sectors
- Expansion of the scientific infrastructure and creation of databases with access for scientists
Promotion of AI development
- Financial support for young software developers and reduction of entry barriers for pilot projects
- Establishment of worldwide usable open source libraries for AI, coordinated by Russian scientists
- Creation of common standards regarding the security of AI software
Availability of data on AI development
- Support of Russian manufacturers of high-speed and energy-efficient processors
- Simplified opportunities for prototype development and testing in dedicated centres shared by leading experts
- Establishment of high-performance centres for data processing
Qualified personnel
- Integration of new modules on programming, deep learning, data analysis etc. at all levels of learning and intensification of MINT subjects in schools
- Further training opportunities for employees and management on AI
- Incentives for the return of Russian AI experts from abroad and foreign AI specialists
- Public relations work for the benefit of AI technologies in order to arouse interest in this field
Regulation of social human-technology relationships
- Legal regulation of access to data for society, business and science
- Creating a flexible regulatory legal system that ensures public security and incentives for AI development
- Establishment of rules for simplified testing of AI developments and the possibility to delegate decisions to an AI system
Singapore
Political goals
Singapore is pursuing holistic goals with its national AI initiatives:
- Expanding national expertise in the field of Artificial Intelligence in the name of social and economic progress
- Supporting AI experts and creating an AI-assisted economic system
- Promoting industry-focused research into smart city applications (relating to life, transport, health, etc.)
Areas of action
Grand Challenges
- Encouraging interdisciplinary teams to solve AI-specific challenges in the areas of health, smart cities and finance
100Experiments
- Financial, individual and organisational support for industry to address specific problems and for establishing teams of experts
AI Apprenticeship Programme
- Fostering local talent by means of courses, training in real-life industrial applications, and AI-related bursaries
AI For Industry
- Teaching practical AI basics in the programming language Python – supported by face-to-face workshops and online training – to engineers, software developers and managers
AI For Everyone
- Training and teaching basic AI methods (e.g. machine learning, deep learning) and their business applications
Focal points of other initiatives
- Support for small and medium-sized enterprises in using digital technologies
- Facilitating partnerships between local businesses and manufacturers of AI applications
South Korea
Political Aims
Core strategies and goals till 2030 are innovation of AI competitiveness, full-scale utilization of AI and harmony and coexistence with AI.
- Establishment of global-leading AI ecosystem
- To become the country that makes best use of AI
- Realization of people-centered AI
Areas of activity
AI Infrastructure enhancement
- Full opening of public data
- Opening and distributing the data in 10 big data platforms
- Establishing data platforms in public sectors (government-wide)
- Securing high-performance computing resource
Securing competitiveness in AI technology
- Developing next-generation intelligent semiconductor and new-concept AI chips
- Making proactive investments in next-generation AI research and development
- Expanding support for basic AI research and cognitive science
- Complete reorganization of AI research and development
Drastic regulatory innovation and revision of laws
- Establishing framework legislation and reorganizing the legal system
Nurturing global AI start-ups
- Creating an AI investment fund
- Identifying and nurturing AI startups
- Improving the legal system to promote AI startups
Nurturing AI talent and educating People
- Fostering AI master’s and doctoral degrees
- Expanding and diversifying AI graduate programs
- Spreading AI education for all military personnel
- Providing AI training for employees at SMEs and startups
- AI education for general public
- Continuously expanding high schools focused on AI curriculum
Diffusing AI technology across all Industry areas
- Advancing smart factories based on AI
- Building industrial data platforms
- Supporting the innovation for SMEs using AI
- Supporting medical data-oriented hospitals and demonstrating medical AI services and products
- Developing autonomous cooperative driving technology
Building a digital government
- Advancing a citizen-led problem-solving platform
- Analyzing criminal information for predicting and responding to occurrence of crime
- Developing a digital service contract system
Establishing an inclusive job safety network
- Upgrading a National Job Information Platform and establishing a job matching system
- Improving AI competency of teachers and lecturers
Preventing dysfunction and establishing AI ethics
- Innovating intelligent information protection through AI
- Establishing a AI code of ethics
- Developing technologies preventing AI dysfunctions and establishing a inter-ministerial cooperative system
Spain
Political goals
The strategy takes a multidisciplinary approach that combines economic, social, environmental and administrative aspects of AI. At the same time, it aims to promote AI as part of the Spanish economy through concrete AI-focused actions at the national level, while aligning with EU policies.
Fields of action
Human capital
- Providing technical knowledge for today's and tomorrow's workforce
- Promoting advanced forms of study, especially multidisciplinary approaches
Value creation
- Coordinating research, development and innovation by linking the policies of the state and autonomous regions
- Establishing a thriving innovation environment that further promotes the development of AI technologies, through business support programs and testbeds for innovation
Regulation
- Ethical and legal framework that protects individual and collective rights and ensures social well-being
- Establish a control system for ethics in AI and develop a trustworthy AI certificate.
Infrastructure
- Establish a central data management body at the national level and appoint a Chief Data Officer, responsible for initiatives to create secure data repositories in the EU and coordinate AI applications
- Promote AI infrastructure for natural language processing, especially for Spanish
Societal challenges
- Use AI to combat the Covid-19 pandemic to better prepare health systems for such events
Sweden
Political goals
The focus of Swedish AI activities is on education and training, innovation and value creation, framework conditions and infrastructure, and research.
Fields of action
Human capital
- Promote lifelong learning as well as university teaching related to AI.
- Evaluate and adapt the skills of the workforce to a changing marketplace driven by AI
Value creation
- Creating a healthy foundation for successful value creation
- Measures: applied research environments, strong links to international AI initiatives, and AI risk management
Regulierung
- Establish rules, standards, norms and ethics for sustainable development and use of AI
- Advance Swedish and international standards and regulations for risk-free use of AI
- Create legislation to promote the use of AI and minimize risks to society and individuals
Infrastructure
- Establish digital infrastructure, high-quality data infrastructure, and well-developed telecommunications infrastructure in terms of computing power, connectivity, and network capacity.
Societal challenges
- Accelerating AI innovation to combat climate change, environmental issues, as well as the Covid-19 pandemic
Turkey
Political Aims
The strategy's vision is to generate "value creation on a global scale with an agile and sustainable AI ecosystem for a prosperous Turkey." It focuses on the following goals by 2025:
- Raising the contribution of AI to the gross national product to five percent
- Hiring 50,000 employees in the AI sector, including 1,000 in government institutions
- Focusing AI applications on commercialization opportunities and the needs of local ecosystems
- Actively participate in the international research and standardization process on cross-border data use and responsible AI.
Areas of activity
To achieve its goals, Turkey's AI strategy defines six strategic priorities:
- Training AI experts and increasing AI employment.
- Supporting research, entrepreneurship and innovation
- Improving incentives and legislation on intellectual property, patents and exports
- Facilitating access to high-quality data and technical infrastructure
- Creating shared and improved access to high-performance computing infrastructure and open source software and databases
- Acceleration of socio-economic adaptation through regulation.
- Establish an agile and inclusive legal harmonization process to test and discuss ethical and legal scenarios
- Strengthening international cooperation
- Accelerating structural and employment change
United Kingdom
Political aims
The government wants to make the UK the world’s most innovative economy through digitalisation. The aim is that Artificial Intelligence should deliver excellent workplaces and a higher standard of living for all.
- To establish the UK as an attractive high-tech location for start-ups and entrepreneurs
- To expand the digital infrastructure
- To promote and support AI-related collaborations
Areas of activity
Investment-friendly environment
- Increasing government funding for research and development
- Offering tax incentives for AI research and development
Basic and further training in AI
- Investing in the teaching of STEM subjects and in digital education
- Training all sections of the population in AI, particularly in economically underdeveloped regions
Investment in digital infrastructure
- Expanding digital mobility concepts and supporting electromobility and digitally supported charging
- Promoting the construction of smart homes
- Investing in state-of-the-art broadband expansion
Economic development
- Supporting partnerships between the state and industry, primarily in the sectors of health, mechanical engineering and automotive
- Establishing an investment fund for British business supported by the British Business Bank
- Evaluating all political measures to improve business innovation
USA
Political aims
- AI use based on democratic values and respecting the rights and safety of individuals
- Development and use of AI systems to promote the public good
- Focus on international cooperation
Areas of activity
Investing in fundamental and responsible AI research for the long term.
- Promote data-driven methods and federated approaches to machine learning
- Develop AI systems and simulations in real and virtual environments, and improve the perceptual capabilities of AI systems
- Understanding theoretical capabilities and limitations of AI
Developing methods for human-AI collaboration
- Seeking improved models and metrics
- Building trust and greater understanding in human-AI interaction
Considering the ethical, legal, and societal implications of AI
- Investing in basic research to advance fundamental values
- Understanding and mitigating social and ethical risks of AI, and using AI to solve ethical, legal, and societal problems
Ensuring the safety and security of AI systems
- Developing safe AI and securing AI
Public datasets and environments for AI training and testing
- Developing shared advanced computing and hardware resources, as well as open-source software libraries and toolkits
Measurement and evaluation of AI systems
- Increasing the availability of AI test environments
- Engaging the AI community in standards and benchmarks
Better understanding of the national AI professional workforce needs
- Evaluation of the need for AI professionals
- Educate/retrain workforce and develop AI expertise while considering ethical, legal, and societal implications
- Exploring the impact of diverse and multidisciplinary expertise
Expanding public-private partnerships
- Engaging more diverse stakeholders
- Improving, expanding, and creating mechanisms for R&D partnerships
Creating a principled and coordinated approach to international collaboration in AI research
- International collaboration for global challenges (e.g., sustainability, healthcare, manufacturing)
- Develop international standards and guidelines for trustworthy AI
Cornerstones of national AI strategies
Different countries set different priorities for their national AI strategies. Here is an overview:
